This study investigates the rubbing dynamic behavior of a rotating blade-rigid casing system under the combined action of aerodynamic and centrifugal forces. In existing research, the aerodynamic load on blades is often simplified as a harmonically distributed surface force, without fully accounting for the influence of real flow field characteristics on rotating blades, which leads to certain deviations in rubbing response analysis. A fluid-structure interaction dynamic model for the rotating blade-rigid casing rubbing system is established in this paper. The influence of key parameters, including aerodynamic force, radial misalignment, and angular misalignment, on the system's vibration characteristics is analyzed. The results show that: (1) Compared with the condition without aerodynamic force, the displacement response amplitude of the blade under steady aerodynamic force is larger, and the rubbing of the system is more severe; (2) The maximum rubbing force at the blade tip increases with the increase of radial/angular misalignment, and the rubbing response is dominated by the rotational frequency and its harmonics.