A 242.4 m high reinforced concrete hyperbolic natural-draft cooling tower is taken as the engineering prototype. Rigid-model wind tunnel pressure tests are conducted, and Reynolds number effects are simulated by controlling the surface roughness of the model. With an appropriate roughness arrangement, the measured shape coefficients agree very well with the design curves for the smooth tower and the K1.0 ribbed tower specified in the Code for Design of Industrial Circulating Cooling Water. The measured pressure time histories are then converted to the prototype scale according to similarity laws and applied to a finite element model that includes both the shell and the V-shaped concrete-filled steel tube columns. The wind-induced radial displacement responses and wind vibration coefficients of the cooling tower under the basic wind action are obtained. The results show that the wind vibration coefficient increases monotonically along the height, reaching about 1.48 near the throat, which is significantly lower than the code value of 1.9. When the structural damping ratio decreases from 5% to 2%, the increase in wind vibration coefficient is less than 1%, indicating that the response is mainly governed by buffeting produced by turbulent wind and is not sensitive to damping within this range. Considering the surrounding buildings of the power plant, the overall changes in wind pressure distribution and wind vibration coefficients are small, and only for several unfavorable wind directions does the maximum wind vibration coefficient increase slightly to about 1.66.