To more reasonably assess the risk status of cable-stayed bridges under the impact of multiple hazards, this study focuses on the high-risk event of concurrent earthquake and wind hazards, while considering three types of components: pylons, bearings, and stay cables. On this basis, the two-dimensional system fragility analysis is extended to a three-dimensional system, and a three-dimensional system seismic-wind fragility analysis of cable-stayed bridges is conducted. Under earthquake action, the main girder remains in the elastic stage and is therefore not considered to be damaged in this study .First, based on the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method, loads are applied to the structural numerical model incrementally from low intensity, and different wind loads are simultaneously imposed on the model for time-history analysis. Then, considering the strong mechanical coupling and correlation among components, the pylons, bearings, and stay cables are selected, and reasonable damage indices are adopted to calculate their respective seismic-wind fragility curves, revealing the inherent correlation of seismic-wind effects among the three components. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis is employed to quantify the correlations among the three components, and a three-dimensional system seismic-wind multi-hazard fragility curve of the cable-stayed bridge is obtained.The results show that the failure probability of components derived from the three-dimensional system fragility analysis is more accurate than that from the two-dimensional fragility analysis, and the three-dimensional system fragility curve provides data support for structural risk assessment.