To investigate the wind resistance performance of the low-tower steel truss cable-stayed bridge with a main span of (84+144+228+240+300+120+60) m under the design wind speed, wind tunnel tests were selected as the primary research method. Segment model tests and full-bridge aeroelastic model tests were conducted to measure the wind loads and wind-induced responses of the Jiyang Yellow River Bridge in both the completed state and typical construction conditions, and the results were compared with bridge wind resistance codes. Elastic suspension segment model vibration wind tunnel test results revealed that the flutter and vortex-induced resonance performance of the main beam meets the wind resistance safety requirements. The full-bridge tests concluded that no flutter or vortex-induced vibration of the main beam was observed in the wind speed range of 0~110 m/s, nor were any static instability conditions detected. Moreover, the displacement response of the main beam satisfied both the safety and comfort requirements, thus further verifying the bridge’s wind resistance performance. The wind resistance experimental study of the steel truss bridge provides a substantial basis for design verification and can also serve as a reference for similar steel truss construction projects.